requestId:68499ac3041637.77523134.
“Sweeping in emptiness” and “sweeping in shape”
——Zhu Xi’s criticism of Lun and Lunar Studies
Author: Xiang Shiling (Authorized by the National Academy of Chinese National Studies)
Source: “Social Science War”, 2019 Issue 04
Abstract
Zhu Xi’s negative reviews on Zhejiang University represented by Zuzu, believed that Zhejiang University was not “high” and “low” and could not be as good as the “reasonable and reasonable” in the middle. But compared with the “high” of learning in China, Zhu Xi gave more criticisms of the “lower” of learning in China. He believed that Zu Zu valued practical use and was addicted to the historical Chen and practical use advantages, and could not be ascended from specific things to the life of heaven and life. Although Zhu Xi criticized the study of Jiufeng as “school”, compared with the study of Luxury and Yongkang and Yongjia, there are more reasons for justice in the study of Luxury. Zhu Xi confirmed that the nine purs of the earth can be “personal”, and the personality of both sides fell on the distinction between differences and adhered to the core of “Confucianism”. After learning from the ancestors, Ji Xue continued to emphasize the academic characteristics of practical effectiveness, great profits, and historical traditions, but ultimately, it was impossible to prevent confusion with Zhu Xue.
In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi was in Guan, Zhang Feng was in Hunan, and Zu Zu was in Zhejiang. He vigorously promoted the development of science, and was sometimes called the “Three Quotes in the South East”. There are certain differences between Ju and Hunan and Hunan. Zhejiang is a statistic that includes many academic studies such as science, practice and psychology in Jinhua, Yongkang, Yongjia, etc. in Zhejiang. Among them, the one who best understands the strengths of each school and can best realize this inclusive feature is the school represented by Zu Zu. However, this characteristic of learning in Zhu Xi is not the problem. To use the words of the students Zhu Xi agrees, “There is a lot of knowledge about Donglibo, but I may not be able to keep the contract.” [1] “Dimensional Learning Multi-Knowledge” was originally advocated by Zhu Xi. At the meeting of the Yuhu Lake in the second year of Chunxi (1175), Zhu Xi asked the brothers of Jiufeng to “want to make people admire and then go to the meeting”[2]. However, although Zhu Xi was not serious, Zhu Xi’s “energy” was appreciated by Zhu Xi; and in Zu Xi, the treatment was related to practicality and valued the consequences, which led to Zhu Xi’s negative reviews and serious criticism of Zu Xi’s academic performance.
1. The study of “lowerness is implicated in the shape of the instrument”
Zhu Xi suppressed Zhejiang studies, and the ancestors and their academic studies were the first to be regarded as their academic performance. Whether Zu Zu was alive or after his life, Zhu Xi stood up this timeTowards not changing. When Zu Zu was alive, Zhu Xi once concluded his letter to Liu Qingzhi (Zi Cheng) who was old friend of both sides, saying:
: Contemporary scholars have high ethics in their linguistic style and lowliness in their silence, and the middle is firm and in line with the truth, and no one pays attention to it. This is why this path is unclear, and evil and atrocities are not allowed to act rampantly. I wonder what Bo Gong saw later? What you want to say is not the same, and it will only increase your grudges without any discussion. [3]
Zhu Xi attacked “contemporary” students both at the same time as “high” and at the same time. Although he did not explicitly say who “high” and “lower” mean, since Zhu Xi was a discussion on the governance of Zuzu, there was no doubt about the style of Zhejiang. Whether it is “high” or “low” to separate the relationship between the two, so Zhu Xi had to open his bow and blamed that it was precisely because of these “high” or “low” academic errors that led to the unclear understanding of the Confucian way and even the evil and atrocities.
Zhu Xi asked students to pay attention to the “center and right place to be in line with the rational sense”, which is naturally the academic path that Zhu Xi adhered to from low to high school to taking care of himself. This path, he also called it “the relocation of things in the middle.” Students ask “What is the redirection?” Zhu Xi’s reply was: “If you seek knowledge and study things, you will follow the principles of the matter and understand the principles.” [4] The so-called “responsiveness to the matter and understand the principles of the matter” means that you will be related to the relationship between “the matter” and “the matter”. 官网彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩In the former, “the reason is to be at the bottom of the matter and abandon things as a sacrificial one, and then only talk about the truth of the matter; however, if he is still let go, it will be easier to do things. But he has seen the following thing, and it is not easy to do anything, and it is easy to do so, and he is willing to come down!” [5] To learn and investigate things, we must observe the following thing, “the truth of the matter” but the problem lies in whether we can “let go” the matter. The reason in things is that the demand is to turn up and down. If there is no lower body, no physical but only respect virtue, and lack the ladder to enter the saint, it can only be “empty matters”, which is naturally criticized; but the problem of learning is just the opposite, that is, “just the above-mentioned matters, although it is rough and effective in front of you, it is fragmented, and only short-term is seen… This kind of reason must be large in size, so that the reason can be obtained”[6]. In Zhu Xi’s eyes, Zu Zu’s academic general situation is “effective”, but it cannot be transferred from the bottom, exceeding the daily expenses and short-term relationship, and forming a large-scale “reason”. In a different sentence, since the learning cannot be achieved through the upper hand, it can only be “removed into the shape instrument”. Despite Zhu Xi’s current situation, he hopes that Zu Zu can adjust his own learning direction. The key to the problem is that in fact, Zu Zu did not lack the pursuit and exploration of the “mind” problem of the principles of nature and conscience. Why did Zhu Xi say that he was “lowly imprisoned in the shape of the body”? From the most basic point of view, it is in Zhu Xi’s eyes that Zu ZuBecause he is addicted to the practical advantages of history and is obsessed with the practical aspects, he cannot get out of the metaphysical “big book” of heavenly life. This is also the most basic principle of Zhu Xi criticized Zu Zu’s academic research.
Quanzu saw that there was a classic comment on the three schools of Zhu, Zhu and Lu, which was that “Zhu Xue learned to learn to know by studying things, and Zhong Xue learned to understand the mind, and Lu Xue learned to gain both the best” [7]. But if you understand this “both both” according to Zhu Xi’s logic, the result will be negative. Because of his extensive viewing and admiration, Zhu Xi’s academic approach is to learn “reason one” from “dividing differences”. “You can learn everything and things in different ways, and you will get the principles of reason and then you will know that the principles are the most important” [8]. The “both” blog “has both the best” is of course the main thing to learn multi-knowledge, but the final “contract” is the goal, and the main thing is to be able to understand the principle of “one-heartedness”. If you are obsessed with taking over various schools, you will certainly have value in the broadband of learning, but if you lose your mind and even fall into the clear purpose of your own academic practice, it will definitely be unsuccessful. [9] From Zhu Xi’s original idea, the correct way should be to understand the mind through studying things – first viewing and then learning, or to ask for knowledge and respecting virtue. Then, it is not difficult to say that Zu Zu said that “lowestness is impregnated in the shape of the body”, that is, the purpose of “understanding the mind” was blocked by Zu Zu’s “studying things and seeking knowledge” in real affairs and profit. This may be said to be “taking both the strengths” from the reverse meaning to understand.
From the positive “reason”, Zu Zu and Zhejiang students represented by him are undoubtedly important. In “The Skills of Taixue”, Zu Zu described the “realistic” view of “talking about reason and cultivating talents, and seeking to achieve the truth or falsehood of this dream, and treating her as a “realistic” view of “making a mind unrealistic, and it is the source of all diseases for learners” [10]. He criticized the schol